+^@^+ Nihongo Benkyoushimashou +^@^+ 日本語勉強しましょう！！！: 日本語初級　Basic Japanese

Noun + が+ arimasu/ imasu → this pattern indicate the existence or presence of a thing(s) or person(s). "あります"is used to show dead object (things, plants, and places), while "います" is used to show life object (people and animals).
Noun (place) + に+ Noun +が+ arimasu/ imasu → it shows that something (Noun) is in the Noun (place).
Noun 1 + は+ Noun 2 (place) + に+ arimasu/ imasu → this pattern shows Noun 1 as the topic and where it is.
N + demo → The Particle 'demo" means "even……."
N + particle + demo → this pattern has meaning which relates with the particle. And it also means "even…"

REIBUN

Tsukue no ue ni manga
ga takusan arimasu. >> There are many comics on the desk.
Kazoku wa doitsu
ni imasu. >> My family is in German.
Gakkō ni nihon-jin ga imasu. >> There are Japanese people in school.
Cowens-kun
wa kyoushitsu ni imasu. >> Cowens is in classroom.
Sensei
demo machigaimasu. >> Even a teacher makes mistakes.
Watashi wa muzukashii shigoto
demo shimasu. >> I will even do a difficult job.
Koko kara
demo fuji-san ga miemasu. >> Even from here you can see Mount Fuji.
Kodomo demo sonna koto wa wakarimasu yo. >> Even a child can understand that sort of thing.
Kanojo to
demo kimi wa nakushimasu. >> Even with your girlfriend you can cry.
Sensei to
demo
kimi wa usotsuki desu. >> Even with a teacher you can be a liar.

TANGO

Imasu: exist; be (referring to animate things).
Arimasu: exist; be (referring to inanimate things).
Machigaimasu: make mistake
Nakushimasu: cry
Inu: dog
Neko: cat
Ki: tree
Otoko no hito: man
Onna no hito: woman
Otoko no ko: boy
Onna no ko: girl
Mono: thing
Hako: box
Tana: shelf
Doa: door
Mado: window
Kōen: park
Ue: on, above, over
Shita: under, below, beneath
Mae: front, before
Ushiro: back, behind
Migi: right(side)
Hidari: left(side)
Naka: in, inside
Soto: outside
Tonari: next, next door
Aida: between, among
Usotsuki : liar

Tuesday, 5 May 2009

Dai 8 ka

BUNKEI

Noun + が+Adjective(suki / kirai/ jouzu/ heta)+ desu → The particle が describe the adjective
Noun + が+ wakarimasu/ dekimasu → It shows the speaker have understanding/ ability about the Noun.
Sentence 1 + から+ Sentence 2 → Sentence 1 is the reason for Sentence 2.
Adverb + affirmative → These adverbs (yoku, daitai, sukoshi) are put before the verbs when they modify them.
Adverb + negative →These adverbs (zenzen, amari) are put before the verbs when they modify them.
どうして → This interrogative is used to ask a reason. The answer need からat the end.
いちばん→ It is a superlative marker and means "most".
~や~や~など→ The particle など indicates exemplification. It means "and so on".

REIBUN

Watashi wa itaria ryōri ga suki desu. >> I like Italia cuisine.
Silvya-san wa doitsu-go ga wakarimasu. >> Ms. Silvya understands German.
Kyou wa haha no tanjōbi desu kara, hayaku kaerimasu. >> Today is my mother's birthday, so I will go home early.
Chichi wa ryōri ga jouzu desu. Nichi youbi wa haha to ryōri o shimasu. >> Father is good at cooking. He with mother cook on Sunday.
Angel-san wa tai-go ga
yoku wakarimasu. >> Ms. Angel understands Thai very well.
Boku wa furansu-go ga
sukoshi wakarimasu. >> I understand French a little.
Doushite asa shinbun o yomimasen ka. Jikan ga
arimasen kara. >> Why don't you read a newspaper in the morning? Because I don't have time.
Nihon de ichiban kireina tokoro wa doko desuka? >> Where is the most scenic place in Japan?
Kono daigaku ni wa Chūgoku ya Kankoku nado kara gakusei ga ōzei kimasu. >> A lot of students from China, Korea, and so on come to this college.
Kudamono no naka de mikan ga ichiban suki desu. >> Among fruits, I like orange very much.

TANGO

Wakarimasu : understand
Suki-na : like
Kirai-na : dislike
Jouzu-na : good at
Heta-na : poor at
Tanjoubi : birthday
Ryōri : dish, cooking
Nomimono : drinks
Shinbun : newspaper
Daigaku : college
Ōzei : a lot of
Yoku : well, much
Daitai : mostly
Takusan : many, much
Sukoshi : a little, a few
Zenzen : not at all (used with negatives)
Hayaku : early
Doushite : why
~kara : because~
Ongaku : music

Dai 7 ka

BUNKEI

In Japanese, there are two groups of adjectives :

Adjective with suffix na (な-Adjective)
Adjective with suffix I (い-Adjective)

Noun + は+ い-Adjective + desu → Positive sentence.　
Noun + は+な-Adjective (な) + desu → Positive sentence.　
Noun + は+ い-Adjective(い→くない) + desu → Negative sentence.
Noun + は+ な-Adjective(な) + ja arimasen → Negative sentence.
な-Adjective + Noun →な-Adjective is put before a noun to modify it.
い-Adjective + Noun →い-Adjective is put before a noun to modify it.
とても→It is adverbs of degree that is put before the Adjectives. とてもis used in positive sentence and means "very".
あまり→It is adverbs of degree that is put before the Adjectives. あまりis used in negative sentence and means "not very".
~dou desuka → It is used to ask an impression or an opinion
Noun 1+ は+Donna + Noun 2 + desuka → It's used when the speaker wants the listener to explain or describe Noun 1.
Sentence 1 + が+ Sentence 2 → がis a conjunctive particle, meaning "but".
~dore desuka → This interrogative is used to ask the listener to choose or designate one from more than two things concretely shown or named.
~ごとに→This particle takes place regularly after a certain temporal or spatial interval. It means "every".

REIBUN

Kore wa benri kaban desu. >> This is a convinient bag.
Ōsaka wa ōkii machi desu. >>Ōsaka is a big town.
Sakura wa kirei desu. >> Cherry blossom are beautiful.
Sono jisho wa ii desuka. Iie, amari yokunai desu. >> Is that dictionary good? No, it isn't so good.
Tokyō no chikatetsu wa dou desuka. Kirei desu. Soshite benri desu. >> How do you like the subway in the Tokyo? It's clean. And it is convenient.
Inoue sensei wa donna sensei desuka. Omoshiroi sensei desu. >> What kind of teacher is Ms. Inoue? An interesting teacher.
Jakarta wa totemo nigiyaka desu. >> Jakarta is very lively.
Nihon no seikatsu wa dou desuka. Tanoshii desu. >> How is the life in Japan? It's enjoyable.
Nihon no tabemono wa oishii desu ga, takai desu. >> Japanese food is delicious, but expensive.
Utari-san no kutsu wa dore desuka. Ano akai kutsu desu. >> Which is Ms. Utari's shoes? That red one is.
Jeyu-kun wa san-jikan goto ni kusuri o nomimasu. >> Jeyu take medicine every three hours.
Gakki goto ni sensei ga kawarimasu. >> Every semester teachers change.

TANGO

Hansamu-na : handsome
Kirei-na : beautiful, clean
Shizuka-na : quiet
Nigiyaka-na : lively
Benri-na : convenient
Ōkii : big, large
Chiisai : small, little
Ii (yoi) : good
Warui : bad
Takai : expensive, tall, high
Yasui : inexpensive
Omoshiroi : interesting
Oishii : delicious, tasty
Isogashii : busy
Tanoshii : enjoyable
Sakura : cherry (blosssom)
Machi : town, city
Tabemono : food
Tokoro : place
Gakki : semester
Kutsu : shoes
Shiroi : white
Kuroi : black
Akai : red
Aoi : blue
Kusuri : medicine
Kawarimasu : change
Seikatsu : life
Kaban : bag
Kasa : umbrella

Sunday, 26 April 2009

Counting in Japanese

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Counting

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Monday, 20 April 2009

Dai 6 ka

BUNKEI

N + を + Verb(transitive) → to indicate direct object of the transitive verb.
N + を+ shimasu → the objects of the verb shimasu cover a fairly wide range.
N(place) + で + Verb → The particle で indicates the place where the action occurs.
V + masenka → It is used when you want to invite someone to do something.
V + mashou → It is used when the speaker is positively inviting the listener to do something with the speaker.
N(tools/means) + で + V → indicates a method or a mean.
Subject + は + person + に + object を+ agemasu → It's giving action. It shows that the subject give object to the person. The others verb like kashimasu , oshiemasu,… etc, is also describe giving action.
Subject + は + person + に + object を+ moraimasu → It's receiving action. It shows that the subject receive object from the person. The others verb like karimasu and naraimasu is also describe receiving action.
Mou + Verb(mashita) → mou means already, and used with verb in the past. The answer to the question Mou+ V(mashita) ka, is "hai, mou V(mashita)" or "iie, mada desu"
Person +へ+ no + Noun → indicates the person or thing to which an action directed. The common meaning is "to" or "for".

REIBUN

Kore wa anata e no purezento desu. >> This is a present for you.
Sore wa okāsan e no tegami desu. >> That is letter for your mother.
Sushi o tabemasu. >> I will eat sushi.
Ashita anata wa kaigi o shimasu. >> You will hold a meeting tomorrow.
Toshokan de manga o yomimasu. >> I read comic at library.
Isshoni Bari e ikimasenka. Ee, ii desu ne. >> Won't you come to Bali with us? That's a good idea.
Chotto yasumimashou. >> Let's have a break.
Hashi de gohan o tabemasu. >> I eat rice with chopstick.
Mou hirugohan o tabemashita ka. Iie, mada desu. >> Have you eaten your lunch? No, not yet.
David-san wa Angeline-san ni hana o agemasu. >> Mr. David give blossom to Ms. Angeline.
Angel Steven-san ni okane o kashimashita. >> I lent my money to Ms. Angel Steven.
Cowens-san ni nihon-go o oshiemasu. >> I teach Cowens Japanese.
Regina-san ni T-shatsu o moraimashita. >> I received T-shirt from Regina.
Wan-san ni chuugoku-go o moraimasu. >> I learn Chinese from Ms. Wang.
"Konnichiwa" wa Indonesia-go de nan desuka. "Selamat siang" desu. >> What is "Konnichiwa" in Indonesian? It is "Selamat siang".

TANGO

Tabemasu : eat
Nomimasu : drink
Yomimasu : read
Mimasu : see, watch
Suimasu : smoke
Kakimasu : write
Kikimasu : listen
Kaimasu : buy
Torimasu : take
Shimasu : do
Aimasu : meet
Kirimasu : cut, slice
Okurimasu : send
Agemasu : give
Moraimasu : receive
Kashimasu : lend
Karimasu : borrow
Oshiemasu : teach
Naraimasu : learn
Denwa o Kakemasu : make a telephone call
Hirugohan : lunch
Asagohan : breakfast
Eiga : movie
Tegami : letter
Hana : blossom, flower
Shatsu : shirt
Okane : money
Hashi : chopstick
Te : hand
Chichi : (my) father
Haha : (my) mother
Otousan : (someone else's) father
Okāsan : (someone else's) mother
Mada : not yet
Supūn : spoon
Fōku : fork
Naigu : knife
Hasami : scissors
Pasokon : personal computer
Kami : paper
Purezento : gift, present
Nimotsu : parcel

Dai 5 ka (lesson 5)

BUNKEI

Noun(place) + へ
+ ikimasu/ kimasu/ kaerimasu → The particle "へ" is put after the place noun to show direction of move.
Particles :

Particle はis read 'wa'
Particle へ is read 'e'
Particle をis read 'o'
Particle も is read 'mo'
particle でis read 'de'

Doko + も + ikimasen / ikimasen deshita → When an interrogative takes the particle もand the verb following it is negative, all that is represented by the interrogative is denied.
N(vehicle) + で + ikimasu → the particle でindicates a means or a method.
Sentence + よ　→It is used to emphasize information which the listener doesn't know, or to show that you are giving your judgement.

REIBUN

Uchi e kaerimasu. >> I'll go home.
Watashi wa kazoku to nihon e ikimasu. >> I go to Japan with my family.
Ashita doko e ikimasuka. Doubutsuen e ikimasu. >> Where will you go tomorrow? I will go to the zoo.
Tanjoubi wa itsu desuka. 12 gatsu ni jū yokka desu. >> When is your birthday? It is December 24^th.
Anata wa nan de depaato e ikimasu ka. Jidousha de ikimasu. >> How will you go to department store? I will go by car.
Kongetsu wa nan gatsu desuka. 3 gatsu desu. >> What month is this month? It is March.
Kono shinkansen wa Osaka e ikimasuka. Iie, ikimasen. Tsugi no densha desu yo. >> Does this bullet train go to Osaka? No, it doesn't. The next train does.
Kodomo no hi ni wa kazoku to doko e ikimasuka. Doko mo ikimasen. >> At the Children's day where will you go with family? I don't go anywhere.
Watashi wa kinō no yoru koibito to kuruma de eigakan e ikimashita. >> I went to the movie theatre with girlfriend by car last night.
Dare to kankoku e ikimashita ka. Kyoudai to ikimashita. >>Who did you go to Korea with? I went with brothers and sisters.

TANGO

Ikimasu : go
Kimasu : come
Kaerimasu : go home, return
Suupaa : supermarket
Hikouki : airplane
Fune : ship
Densha : electric train
Shinkansen : express
Basu : bus
Jidousha : car
Kuruma : car
Jitensha : bicycle
Aruite : on foot
Tomodachi : friend
Kare : he, boyfriend
Kanojo : she, girlfriend
Koibito : sweetheart
Kazoku : family
Hitori de : alone
Kyoudai : brothers and sisters
Senshuu : last week
Konshuu : this week
Raishuu : next week
Sengetsu : last month
Kongetsu : this month
Raigetsu : next month
Kyonen : last year
Kotoshi : this year
Rainen : next year
~gatsu : ~th month of the year
Nan gatsu : what month
Tsuitachi : first day of the month
Futsuka : second, two days
Mikka : third, three days
Yokka : fourth, four days
Itsuka : fifth, five days
Muika : sixth, six days
Nanoka : seventh, seven days
Youka : eighth, eight days
Kokonoka : ninth, nine days
Tooka : tenth, ten days
Jūyokka : fourteenth, fourteen days
Hatsuka : twentieth, twenty days
Nijūyokka : twenty fourth, twenty four days
~nichi : ~th day of the month, ~days
Nan nichi : which day of the month, how many days
Itsu : when
Tanjoubi : bithday
Tsugi no : next
Eki : station

Dai 4 ka (lesson 4)

BUNKEI

~Verb-masu → expresses a habitual thing or truth. And is used when a sentence expresses a thing that will happen in the future.

Present (Future)
Past
Affirmative
~V-masu
~V-mashita
Negative
~V-masen
~V-masen deshita
The Modified is also same to ~desu.

Present (Future)
Past
Affirmative
~desu
~deshita
Negative
~ja arimasen
~ja arimasen deshita
N(time) + ni + V → It indicates time when the action of the Verb is happen.
~kara ~made →
kara indicates the starting place or time, made indicates the finishing time or place.
+ to + → The particle "to" connects two nouns in coordinate relation.
Sentence + ne → It shows the speaker's sympathy that the listener will agree.

~V-masu	~V-masen	~V-mashita	~V-masen deshita
ikimasu	ikimasen	ikimashita	Ikimasen deshita
okimasu	okimasen	okimashita	Okimasen deshita
yasumimasu	yasumimasen	yasumimashita	Yasumimasen deshita
hatarakimasu	hatarakimasen	hatarakimashita	Hatarakimasen desita

REIBUN

Ashita 6 ji ni okimasu. >> I'll get up at six tomorrow morning.
Kesa 7 ji ni okimashita. >> I got up at seven this morning.
9 ji kara 5 ji made hatarakimasu. >> I work from nine to five.
Hiruyasumi wa 12 ji kara desu. >> Lunchtime start at twelve.
Gakkou no yasumi wa do youbi to nichi youbi desu. >> The school is closed on Saturdays and Sundays.
A: Mai nichi 10 ji made benkyoushimasu. >> I study till ten every day.
B: Taihen desu ne. >> That must be hard.
Tokyo daigaku no denwa bangou wa nan ban desuka. 368 no 4873 desu. >> What is the telephone number of Tokyo University? It is 368-4873.
Kinou benkyou shimashita ka. Iie, benkyou shimasen deshita. >> Did you study yesterday? No, I didn't.
Watashi wa mai asa 7 ji han ni okimasu. >> I get up 7:30 every morning.
Ima nan ji desuka. 7 ji 15 fun desu. >> What time is it now? It is 7:15.

TANGO

Okimasu : get up
Nemasu : sleep
Hatarakimasu : work
Yasumimasu : take a rest, take a holiday
Benkyoushimasu : study
Owarimasu : finish
Toshokan : library
Ginkou : bank
Bijutsukan : art museum
Ima : now
~ji : ~o'clock
~fun / pun : ~minute
Han : half
Nan ji : what time
Nan pun : what minute
Gozen : a.m. morning
Gogo : p.m. afternoon
Asa : morning
Hiru : noon
Ban / yoru : night, evening
Kinou : yesterday
Kyou : today
Ashita : tomorrow
Kesa : this morning
Konban : tonight
Yasumi : rest, a day off
Maiasa : every morning
Mainichi : every day
Maiban : every night
Getsu youbi : Monday
Ka youbi : Tuesday
Sui youbi : Wednesday
Moku youbi : Thursday
Kin youbi : Friday
Do youbi : Saturday
Nichi youbi : Sunday
Bangou : number
Nan ban : what number
~kara~made : from~until~
~to~ : and (used to connect nouns)

Dai 3 ka (Lesson 3)

BUNKEI

Koko/Soko/Asoko + wa + Noun (place) + desu → It's demonstrative which refer to place
Kochira/Sochira/Achira + wa + Noun (place / direction) + desu → These demonstratives is politer than koko, soko, and asoko

REIBUN (EXAMPLE)

O-tearai wa asoko desu. >> The rest room is there.
Koko wa shokudou desu. >> This is dining hall.
Denwa wa asoko desu. >> The telephone is over there.
O-kuni wa dochira desuka? Indoneshia desu. >> Which country are you from? Indonesia.
Kono nekutai wa ikura desuka? 26,000-en desu. >> How much is this necktie? It's 26,000 yen.
Ayumi-san wa kaigishitsu desu. >> Ms. Ayumi is in the conference room.
Erebeetaa wa dochira desuka? Achira desu. >> Where's the elevator? It's there.
Gakkou wa doko desuka? Sutomo desu. >> What's the name of your school? It's Sutomo.
Shinshifuku wa san kai desu. >> The men's wear is on the third floor.
Kagu wa ni kai desu. >> The furniture is on the second floor.

TANGO (VOCABULARY)

Koko : here, this place
Soko : there, that place near you
Asoko : that place over there
Doko : where, what place
Kochira : this way, this place
Sochira : that way, that place near you
Achira : that way, that place over there
Dochira : which way, where
Kaigishitsu : conference room
Jimusho : office
Shokudou : canteen
Kyoushitsu : classroom
Heya : room
Toire : toilet, rest room
Kaidan : staircase
Erebeetaa : elevator
Esukareetaa : escalator
{O} kuni : country
Kaisha : company
Uchi : home
Nekutai : necktie
Kutsu : shoes
Denwa : telephone
Tabako : cigarette
Chika : basement
…kai : -th floor
Nangai : what floor
…en : -yen
Shinshi fuku : men's wear
Fujin fuku : ladies' wear
Kagu : furniture
Shokki : kitchenware
Tenki seihin : electrical appliances
Omocha : toys
Kodomo fuku : children's clothes

Saturday, 31 January 2009

Roumaji, Hiragana and Katakana

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Roumaji, Hiragana and Katakana

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Dai 2 ka (Lesson 2)

BUNKEI

Kore/Sore/Are + wa + Noun + desu
Kono + Noun + wa + Predicate + desu
Sono + Noun + wa + Predicate + desu
Ano + Noun + wa + Predicate + desu
Sentence 1 + ka + sentence 2 + ka → a question to the listener to choose alternatives between S1 and S2.
Noun 1 + no + Noun 2 → N1 explains what N2 is about.
Subject + no + Noun → Noun belongs to Subject.
Subject + no + desu → It explain that a thing belongs to subject.
Place + no + Noun → It means that Noun is made in that Place.

REIBUN (EXAMPLE)

Kore wa hon desu. >> This is a book.
Are wa boushi desu. >> That is a hat.
Sore wa kasa desu. >> That is an umbrella.
Kono kaban wa Tanaka-san no desu. >> This bag is Tanaka's bag.
Kore wa "9" desuka, "8" desuka. "8" desu. >> Is this a "9" or a "8"? It's a "8".
Sore wa nan no zasshi desuka? Hana no zasshi desu. >> What is that magazine about? It's a magazine about flower.
Sore wa doko no tokei desu ka? Suisu no tokei desu. >>Where is that watch made? It's made in Swiss.
Ano kanji wa shinbun desuka denwa desuka? Denwa desu. >> Is it kanji of newspaper or phone? It's phone.
Anata no megane wa dore desuka? Sore desu. >> Which is your glasses? That is.
Kono kamera wa ikura desuka? ¥25600 desu. >> How much does this camera cost? It costs ¥25600.

TANGO (VOCABULARY)

Kore : this (thing here)
Sore : that (thing near you)
Are : that (thing over there)
Kono.... : this….. (this…. here)
Sono…. : that…. (that…. Near you)
Ano…. : that…. (that…. Over there)
Hon : book
Jisho : dictionary
Zasshi : magazine
Shinbun : newspaper
Nooto : notebook
Techou : pocket notebook
Tokei : watch, clock
Kasa : umbrella
Kagi : key
Boushi : hat
Kaban : bag
Megane : glasses
Terebi : television
Jidousha : automobile, car
Kuruma : car
Tsukue : desk
Isu : chair
Meishi : business card
Konpyuutaa : computer
Kamera : camera
Enpitsu : pencil
Bourupen : ballpoint pen
Shaapu penshiru : mechanical pencil
Koohii : coffee
Eigo : the English language
…. go : …… language
Shatsu : shirt
Kutsu : shoes
Rajio : radio
Teepu rekoodaa : tape recorder
Kasetto (teepu) : cassette (tape)
Shitagi : underwear
Sukaato : skirt
Nekutai : necktie

	Present (Future)	Past
Affirmative	~V-masu	~V-mashita
Negative	~V-masen	~V-masen deshita

	Present (Future)	Past
Affirmative	~desu	~deshita
Negative	~ja arimasen	~ja arimasen deshita

Pages

Friday, 20 April 2012

Wednesday, 28 December 2011

Tuesday, 27 December 2011

Sunday, 25 December 2011

Friday, 1 January 2010

Tuesday, 29 December 2009

Monday, 10 August 2009

Tuesday, 5 May 2009

Sunday, 26 April 2009

Monday, 20 April 2009

Saturday, 31 January 2009